cMate - BWM
iOS app by Maxim Lukyanenko. Books · Maxim Lukyanenko
- Store rating
- 0 / 5
- Store rating count
- 0
- Download price
- 2.99 USD
- In-app purchases
- Unknown
- Version
- 1.0.1
- Listing last refreshed
- 2026-09-08
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Store description excerpt
BWM - International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 Invasive aquatic species present a major threat to the marine ecosystems, and shipping has been identified as a major pathway for introducing species to new environments. The problem increased as trade and traffic volume expanded over the last few decades, and in particular with the introduction of steel hulls, allowing vessels to use water instead of solid materials as ballast. The effects of the introduction of new species have in many areas of the world been devastating. Quantitative data show the rate of bio-invasions is continuing to increase at an alarming rate. As the volumes of seaborne trade continue overall to increase, the problem may not yet have reached its peak. Language: English
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